Ireland

INTRODUCTION Official name: Ireland Capital: Dublin Territorial surface: 70.273 km²
Ireland republic that embraces 85% of the island of Ireland approximately, located in the ocean Atlantic about 18 kms to the west of the island of Great Britain, of which is separated by the sea of Ireland. The country is formed by the counties of Leinster (An Laighin), Munster (Muma), Connaught (Connacht) and it leaves of the Ulster (Ulaid) that understand 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland in total. The remaining six counties of the Ulster form Ireland of the North, constituent region of the Kingdom Together of Great Britain and Ireland of the North. This has a total surface of 70.273 km². The capital of Ireland is Dublin. The Republic of Ireland got its independence formally in 1922 of new england

Climate Ireland has a temperate, stable and humid climate, very influenced by the warm current of the Gulf. The temperatures are relatively uniform during the whole year. The level of precipitations descends in the coast this and it increases in the coast west, where it reaches the 2.500 mm in the most humid areas. Ireland (republic) Ireland is a mainly rural country and its main environmental challenges are related with the agricultural practices. The agriculture has been intensified in the last two decades, increasing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, what has increased the chemical contamination in those poured, currents and estuaries. The erosion and the exhaustion of the floor are frequent. There are parts of the sea of Ireland contaminated with nuclear waste coming from the United Kingdom. POPULATION In Ireland the population of Celtic origin prevails The population's 3.1 characteristics The Republic of Ireland has a population of 3.969.558 inhabitants (2004), The Republic of Ireland is divided in 26 counties and 5 municipal counties that coincide with the cities of Dublin, Cork, Galway, Limerick and Waterford. Esperanza of life Total 77,4 years (2004 dear) Feminine 80,2 years (2004 dear) Masculine 74,7 years (2004 dear) Rate of infantile mortality 6 died by each 1.000 born alive (2004 dear Religion Catholic 93% Anglican 3% Any or other 4% The Celtic population's composition, Englishmen Irish languages (gaélico) and English, both official ones Religion and languages Near 95% of the inhabitants from Ireland they are Catholic, and less than 4% Protestants, among those that the members of the Church of Ireland are (Anglican), the Presbyterians and the Methodists. Almost all the inhabitants speak English and near the Irish population's third, the language traditional gaélica of the country. ECONOMY Traditionally the Irish economy has been agricultural. Nevertheless, from half-filled of the decade of 1950 the industrial base of the country has been enlarged a lot. In the last years the dominant sector is that of services: in 2001 it used to the active population's 63% and in 2001 it supposed 54% of the GDP. The gross interior product (GDP) of 2002 this rose to 121.449 million dollars. GDP for economic sector GDP: agriculture 3,5% (2001) GDP: industry 42,2% (2001) GDP: services 54,4% (2001) Presupposed national Revenues public 25.528 million dollars (1997) Expenses public 26.426 million dollars (1997) Monetary unit * 1 euro = 100 cents Exports Chemical products, computer teams, industrial machinery, cattle raising and derived products Imports Foods, piensos, computer teams, petroleum and derived, machinery, textile, clothes work In 2002 the active population came closer to the 1,7 million workers and the unemployment rate was of 4%, being outstanding the juvenile unemployment. According to data of 2001 the active population's 7%, this was devoted to the agriculture, the forestry and the fishing, 29% to the industry and 63 remaining% to the sector services.

BIOGRAPHY - Carolina Baracaldo

Carolina Baracaldo

My name is Carolina Baracaldo and I´m 20 years old, all my life has live in Chía and when I was child I played all the time, I came out to play with my neighbors and played baseball, football but all we grow, we stop to play and we separate. Each one caught different roads we are devoted to the study little by little.For a time I was practicing tennis my dad's favorite sport.I was child I studied in the Kinder Garden Los Niños y su Mundo, after studied at Inmaculada School in my teenager and when finishes the School I began to study at Militar University but decided chance and began Law in this University.I have a brother who is older than me, his name is Christian and he studied at Libre University and moreover he work at Cabaña Alpina.My mother work in this University since 10 years ago, she´s secretary.My father work in Alpina and he is driver, besides he travel around of Colombia for all cities.I study Law and now I am in fourth semester although I go put back in English level and it is my duty to be ahead and to pass satisfactorily.My future plans are to culminate my career with success and without trips and then to make a specialization and this way to really begin my professional life and representing with pride the University

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Luis Carlos Galan Sarmiento
(1943-1989) Economy and Politics
Political and Colombian journalist. Of liberal tendency, to the eight years it participates in a protest against Laureano Gómez, conservative president. At the twelve, it wins a competition of oratorical in the School Antonio Nariño. He studies right in the University Javeriana, where it founds the magazine Vertex. Editor and editorialista of the newspaper El Tiempo from 1965. In 1969 the conservative president Misael Pastrana Borrero minister of Education names him.
He marries the journalist Gloria Pachón. Ambassador in Rome from 1972 up to 1975, to his return to the country is co-director of the Opposite New magazine that the former president directs Carlos Lleras Restrepo.
In 1978 it arrives to the Senate for the department of Santander. In 1980 case the movement New Liberalism, dissidence of the Liberal Party.
In 1982 it faces their presidential candidacy to that of reelection of the liberal Alfonso López Michelsen and to that of the conservative Belisario Betancur who wins the elections.
The reformation of the Constitution are among their political positions so that it establishes that the sovereignty resides in the town and not in the nation, specify the abrogative of the command and institutionalize the parties.
It proposes the expedition of the statute of the opposition; the moralization of the institutions and the State; the democratization of the parties by means of the internal popular consultation; the election of the mayors and governors and the rising regional autonomy in the fiscal and administrative aspect; and the one dismounts of the industry of the drug traffic.
Proponed for an international politics based on the respect to the self-determination of the nations.
He writes The coal of The Cerrejón (1981), The new Colombia (1982) and The municipalities: owners of their destination (1990), among others.
In the Convention of the Liberal Party in 1988 he agrees their refund to the Liberal Party that welcomes several of their theses, among them that of the popular consultation.
It is the pre-candidate of their party with more options to win the consultation and to represent it in the presidential elections of the period from 1990 to 1994.
In July of 1989 an attack is frustrated in Medellín and August 18 he falls murdered.
The boss of debate of their campaign, Caesar Gaviria Trujillo, assumes the pre-candidature at the request of his family and followers and it is elected president in 1990.

BIOGRAPHY - Rosa Helena Obando

Rosa Elena Obando


My name is Rosa Elena Obando Cardenas, i am 20 years old and i study bussines at sabana university, now im in 6 semester. I was born in Sopo, cundinamarca on February 8th 1987, when i was 6 years old i started studing at sotomayors school and i got graduated from there when i was 18 year old. My family is composed by my father Alirio Obando, my mother Marina Cardenas, my older brother Christian, my two other brothers Cesar and Miguel, and my two twin sisters Maria Fernanda and Maria Paula. Nowadays im living in Cajica, Cundinamarca and im a trying to learn English in 4th grade, i hope i can do that, i love to be with my boyfriend David and with my family. I like to listen music specially Shakira, and Rock music.

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CARLOS ARDILA LULLE.

CARLOS ARDILA LULLE.
Carlos Ardila Lulle was born on 28th February 1932 in the city of Bucaramanga. Where he stays until, his was 15 year to went to Medellin city. Where he made his college studies.He studies civil engineering at Universidad nacional de Colombia, in Medellin. He is one of the four men with more power in the country.On 1950 began to work on Lux soda, where he met his wife. She is one of the factory owners her name is Maria Eugenia Gaviria.They have four children. Their older son is named as well as his father Carlos Julio Ardila Gaviria. He was born in the city of Cali. He is 52 year old, Carlos Julio is manager of the football team named Atletico Nacional.His second son is named Antonio Jose Ardila Lulle Gaviria he is 48 years, he was born in the city of Bogota and her two last daughters Maria Eugenia and Maria Emma too.On 1951 Carlos Ardila began his management carrier made evidence the flavors to soda. His first factory was in the soda business. The name is Postobon, it is the most important factory in the country, because the 60% of Colombians drinks this sodas.The organization Ardila lulle has about 80 types of business the most important are in the drunks, textile and communications sectors. Carlos in his organization has 40000 employees.Carlos Ardila was recognized “empleado del siglo XX” and the medal of “La orden de Boyaca”

BIOGRAPHY - Sebastian Velasquez

Sebastian Velasquez
My name is Sebastian Velasquez; I was born in Colombia, Bogotá in 1987 in the san Pedro claver hospital, I have lived whit my parents and one brother, I have two sister on the part of father.

When I was child, studied in a one garden called Piaget, where I was all my childhood in this place. I learned to white and read, when I was six year ago I enter to the school called Claretiano de Bosa up to when I was in seventh grade in this moment my grandfather sick and we move of house and may change of school, I enter to military caldas School where I graduated of the school in the year of the 2004.

In the year of 2005, I enter to the Sabana university to studied medicine, in this university I found a place wonderful where I am the interested for my apprenticeships, I have learned that the medicine is one very good career, where I learn about many things that can be useful to help to the people, in the actuality I am in fifth semester of medicine I am feeling very happy and proud of my because I am completing my dream.

Ina future I will like to be a good doctor with one beautiful family I want to specialize in internal medicine and after in nephrology.

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Manuel Elkin Patarroyo

(1946- ), Colombian doctor with Spanish nationality who discovered the first vaccine chemically made against the malaria.

He was born the 3 of November of 1946 in ataco (tolima). He studied medicine at Bogotá’s national university, where he started being part of an investigation group. At the same time, he made a lot of frips to the New York’s Rockefeller University (EE.UU), Yale University and stocolms karotinista institute to get more knowledge. In 1972 he created in Bogotá a small laboratory that will become in the hospital san juan de dios immunology institute place where he directed. After the institute disappearance due to financial difficulties, Patarroyo started directing the Colombian’s immunology institute (FIDIC) in 1996 he got the Spanish nationality.

In 1978 he started with his works about vaccines especially about the vaccine against the malaria, a sickness that attacks millions of people in all the word especially in the African continent in 1986 he got the first vaccinate against this sickness ; it was a mix of proteins scientifically named spf-66 synthesized all over in the laboratory through a chemical process. Patarroyo donated the vaccine the first one developed chemically to the global heatless organizations. Now days , he continue his investigations to make better the synthetic vaccine against the malaria because the effectiveness of the first one wasabout24 or 34 % his job was recognized in 1994, whit the Principe of Asturias of tecnic and scientific investigations.

BIOGRAPHY - Andrea Catalina Sierra

Andrea Catalina Sierra.

My name is Andrea Catalina Sierra. I was born in Bogota, Colombia on May 18, 1986. I´m 21 years old. I live in Chia, Cundinamarca with my family; my father´s name is Luis Sierra; my mother´s name is Nubia Saavedra. I have two brothers. The older one name is Camilo Sierra, he´s 24 years old. The little one name is Santiago Sierra, he´s 10 years old.My father works at the United States Embassy and my mother at the STT of Chia. My big brother works too, at a accountant sign.


I don´t work but I´m student at the La Sabana University. I study law, I´m at the 5th period.I´m a very friendly person, I love going out with my friends, go to the movies and of course, being with my boyfriend. I can be party animal, culture vulture and couch potato because my temperament is so changeable, up-and-down in every moment, but a really love when i´m party animal, moreover i absolutely love dance and the all parties with people funny, I really like enjoy my live.


At present I want to be a good lawyer and won much money because I want to travel for the South Africa and Europe also has a good family whit a big house and showy car however for this
intention I need work so hard




BIOGRAPHY OF CARLOS GAVIRIA DIAZ

Carlos Gaviria Diaz, born May 8, 1937 in Sopetran, Antioquia, is a Colombian lawyer, former Constitutional Court magistrate, and an active politician.
On May 28, 2006, Gaviria achieved the largest vote ever for a leftist party in Colombia, with more than 2,600,000 votes (22.04% of the vote). On August 1, 2006, Gaviria was chosen as president of the Alternative Democratic Pole (PDA). He intends for his party to become the leading opposition force during President Alvaro Uribe's second term in office.

Gaviria has a Doctorate in Law and Political Science from the University of Antioquia and attended classes at Harvard University as a special student in the area of jurisprudence, constitutional law, and political theory. He was dean and teacher of the Law Faculty of the University of Antioquia. One of his former students was his current political antagonist, President Alvaro Uribe Velez.

During the 1990s he became president of Colombia's Constitutional Court. In 2002, he was elected senator, representing the leftist political formation, the Social and Political Front, after achieving the fifth-highest voting result in the elections.

He ran for the presidency of Colombia for the 2006–2010 term, as the candidate of the Alternative Democratic Pole, after winning the bloc nomination over Antonio Navarro.
Polls in late April 2006 placed Gaviria in second place after incumbent President Alvaro Uribe, leaving behind the Liberal Party's Horacio Serpa Uribe, who is running for president for the third consecutive time. He lost to President Uribe in the May 2006 election by a margin of 62% to 22%.

One of his main political proposals is to attempt to change Colombia's socio-economic model
which, he believes, exemplifies some of the worst characteristics of capitalism at a global and local level. By doing this, Gaviria intends to reduce the gap between the rich and poor.
Gaviria and many of his supporters argue that this gap has increased over the past decade and continues to grow, in part due to the economic policies of President Alvaro Uribe's current administration. He disagrees with measures intended to make local and foreign investment more attractive at the cost of reducing benefits for the working class, while simultaneously increasing indirect taxes on the poor and reducing income taxes for the wealthy.
Gaviria is also a strong defender of Colombia's 1991 Constitution, in principle, but believes that it is necessary to fully apply its chapters on human, ethnic and political rights, while at the same time restoring some of the controls that he considers the government and the state should have over the nation's economy and society.

BIOGRAPHY - Mayra Alejandra Rincón

Mayra Alejandra Rincón

My name is Mayra Alejandra Rincón I was born in Bogotá on august 28th, 1987 I live in chia with my parents, I have one sister and one brother, when I was third years old I entered to a kinder garden named Pequeños Gigantes, I didn’t like it very much because every day I missed my parents. When I was six years old I entered to the school, the name of the school was Maria Auxiliadora I liked it very much because I found a really special friends, now a days I still talk with them, on 2003 I maked a show in which I represent shrek the movie of Disney. I absolutely love the subjects that I saw in my school such as math and physics, then I went to study at the Universidad De La Sabana on 2005, I started studying industrial engineer. On 2006 I got my better notes. When I was in second semester mi sister got married, it was a thing that makes me very sad because she was like my best friend. In this moment I am in fifth semester. In this semester I am seeing 8 subjects, i am really happy with my career also I am on the team of volleyball of the university, i am studying very hard to become a good professional so I can travel to many places in the future bur my major goal is to have my own business.

CARLOS LEON PEÑA

BIOGRAPHY

Carlos Leon Pena was born in Bogotá on 2nd April 1953, he lived all his childhood there, he studied in the Corazonista school, he starts to study when he was only third years old, in the school he didn’t like that every days he had to catch a bus to went to classes so he had to get up more early cause he didn’t want to get late to he school.He enjoyed very much the school because he played with his friends all the time, he was a very good student, he liked to play soccer and he liked the mathematics class too.When he grew up he started to like to visit and know how the factories do his labor, so he starts to study industrial engineer in the Pontificia Javeriana in Bogotá on 1973. He became a professional on 1979 and he starts working with a bank named Bancolombia on the same year, he married with a woman named Gladys on 1982, now he have tree sons. Then he worked with the General Motors he was the production manager and he also helped with the part of marketing.On 1987 he achieve the most important goal on his career that was to become the boss of big factory on the area of marketing, this factory was Alpina, then he starts his own business he created a store of personal articles for women on 1991, now a days he only like to teach classes he is a professor of marketing in different universities.On his free time he likes to go out with his family to a restaurant, he really love his wife.I think he work very hard to achieve his different goals, he is very intelligent , he is a good worker because he give a good live to his family, he is a person with a lot of experience and know very much of his profession.